Having watched a lot of Prey streams, I knew the Psychoscope was a big part of the game. That little device that lets you scan alien enemies and work toward getting unlocking their abilities should be top of your wish list when you get in the game.
But, if you do too much extra exploring, you'll be wondering when you actually get a hold of it. If you want to get it fast, you'll need to stay pretty close to the main objectives for a good bit into the game.
After watching the video for the first time in Morgan's office, January will task you with traveling to Dr. Calvino's Office. This will require you to do a bunch of smaller objectives, but after completing this main task, you will have to go back to Morgan's Office and view the rest of the video, after which January will give you a General Access keycard.
Once you get the keycard, it's time to go off the beaten path. No matter where the objective tells you to go, you need to head straight to Pyschotronics. There is an entrance to it in the Talos I Lobby.
Once inside Psychotronics, you'll need to head down a corridor, passing a Security Booth on your right. You'll eventually come to an open entryway into two locker rooms. The locker room on the right is blocked off by cargo requiring Leverage III to get through.
If you don't have Leverage III unlocked, you'll need to travel around the locker room on the left. There are two Phantoms in this room, one of them named. Fight past those two phantoms, and proceed to the other side of the locker rooms.
At this point, you can enter the back entrance of the locker room that was blocked by the Cargo. By the blocked entrance, you'll find a hole in the floor leading to an underground area. Proceed underground and head left. At the end of the hall, you'll find the Pyschoscope on a dead body (in addition to a frozen mimic).